科技创新,需要竞争,更需要合作。科学群体便是一种既充满竞争又高度合作的高效的科技创新组织。 众所周知,在18世纪以前,由于当时的科技水平不高,科研规模较小,研究的问题不很复杂,使用的仪器也比较简单,并且,科研也只是奉命或凭个人的爱好进行,科技人员之间不需要,也很少 Scientific and technological innovation, competition, but also the need for cooperation. The scientific community is an efficient science and technology innovation organization that is both competitive and highly cooperative. As we all know, before the eighteenth century, due to the low level of science and technology at that time, the small scale of scientific research, the complexity of the research questions, the relatively simple equipment used and the fact that scientific research was conducted only on the basis of personal interests. Not necessary, rarely