目的：研究抑癌基因Ｐ１６与子宫内膜腺癌的关系。方法：用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测１２３份石蜡包埋的子宫内膜腺癌标本（Ⅰ期８０份、Ⅱ期１２份、Ⅲ期２９份、Ⅳ期２份）和４０份增生期子宫内膜标本；用多聚酶链反应单股构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰＡ）１０份子宫内膜腺癌Ｐ１６基因外显子１、２点突变。结果：Ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率：增生期子宫内膜为７７５％，且均为高度阳性表达，子宫内膜腺癌为４３０８％，其中Ⅰ期为５１２５％、Ⅱ期为２５％、Ⅲ期为３１％、Ⅳ期为０；子宫内膜腺癌Ｐ１６阳性表达率明显低于正常增生期子宫内膜者（Ｐ＜００５），且临床期别越晚，Ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率越低（Ｐ＜００５），阳性表达强度越弱（Ｐ＜００５），Ⅰ期明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期（Ｐ＜００５）。１０份子宫内膜腺癌Ｐ１６基因外显子１、２均未检测出点突变。结论Ｐ１６基因蛋白的改变与子宫内膜腺癌的发生有关；临床期别越晚，其改变越明显，Ｐ１６基因的改变可能不以点突变为主。 Objective: To study the relationship between tumor suppressor gene P16 and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods: 123 specimens of paraffin-embedded endometrial adenocarcinoma (80 in stage Ⅰ, 12 in stage Ⅱ, 29 in stage Ⅲ and 2 in stage Ⅳ) were detected by immunohistochemical ABC method and 40 specimens of proliferative endometrium The exon 1 and 2 mutations of P16 gene in 10 endometrial adenocarcinomas were detected by polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCPA). Results: The positive rate of P16 protein expression was 77.5% in proliferative endometrium, and both were highly positive. The endometrial adenocarcinoma was 4308%, of which 5125% in stage Ⅰ and 25 %, Stage Ⅲ was 31%, stage Ⅳ was 0. The positive expression rate of P16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal proliferative endometrium (P <005), and later in clinical stage, P16 protein was positive The expression rate was lower (P <005), and the positive expression intensity was weaker (P <005). The expression in stage Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P <005). No mutations were detected in exon 1 and exon 2 of P16 gene in 10 endometrial adenocarcinomas. Conclusion The change of P16 gene protein is related to the occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The later the clinical stage, the more obvious the change is. The change of P16 gene may not be the main point mutation.