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为了明确太湖地区高产稻田适宜施氮量,以提高水稻氮素利用效率,减少稻田氮素流失对农业生态环境的影响,本研究在调查当地农户稻田氮肥施用量的基础上,通过秸秆还田和基肥机械深施,设置不施氮肥(N0)为空白对照,当地习惯施氮水平360 kg·hm-2(N1),以及在此基础上减少氮肥施用量的10%(N2)、20%(N3)、30%(N4)等5个处理,研究其对水稻氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:氮肥减量使水稻不同生育时期稻田土壤速效氮含量明显下降;在当地习惯施氮量水平的基础上,减少10%的氮肥施用量,使水稻产量增加1.9%;与当地习惯施氮量水平相比较,N2处理水稻氮素累积量差异不明显,N3和N4处理则表现为显著下降;随着氮肥减量幅度的增加,水稻氮素籽粒生产效率逐渐增高;在当地习惯施氮量水平的基础上,通过基肥机械深施和秸秆还田等技术的应用,减少10%的氮肥施用量,能够保证水稻高产稳产,并使水稻氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、生理利用率以及氮肥偏生产力均得到明显提高。
In order to clarify the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in high-yielding rice fields in Taihu Lake, in order to improve nitrogen use efficiency of rice and reduce the impact of nitrogen loss on agro-ecological environment in paddy field, based on the investigation of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used by local farmers, Base fertilizer was applied mechanically, and N0 was set as a blank control. The local habitat nitrogen level was 360 kg · hm-2 (N1), and 10% (N2), 20% (N2) N3) and 30% (N4) were used to study the effect of N application rate on nitrogen utilization of rice. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer decreased the available nitrogen in paddy soil significantly at different growth stages. Based on the conventional nitrogen application rate, 10% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application increased rice yield by 1.9% Compared with the control, the nitrogen accumulation in the treatment of N2 was not significantly different, while the treatment of N3 and N4 showed a significant decrease. With the increase of the amount of nitrogen reduction, the production efficiency of nitrogen was gradually increased; Level, the application of 10% nitrogen fertilizer could ensure the high and stable yield of rice and the utilization rate of agronomic, nitrogen uptake and utilization, physiological utilization of rice, Nitrogen partial productivity have been significantly improved.