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目的研究嗜肝病毒感染病毒清除或向慢性化转变的免疫机理。方法通过接种不同龄鸭、不同感染方案建立ＤＨＢＶ急性、慢性感染组及免疫组模型，并检测各组病毒复制及特异体液和细胞介导免疫反应。结果成年鸭接种ＤＨＢＶ导致一过性病毒血症的形成，感染后抗－ＤＨＢｓ和抗－ＤＨＢｃ的水平比慢性感染组高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而免疫组抗－ＤＨＢＳ、抗－ ＤＨＢｃ的水平又比急性感染组高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。特异细胞介导免疫反应（ＣＭＩ）的分析提示急性感染组感染后 １０ ｄ外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）对特异抗原的体外增殖反应强于慢性感染组，但在感染 ５周内快速下降。而免疫组ＣＭＩ与急性感染组相比差异无显著意义。结论感染宿主免疫应答特别是特异免疫反应是决定感染转归的重要因素。
Objective To study the immune mechanism of virus removal or chronic hepatitis caused by hepadnavirus infection. Methods Acute and chronic DHBV infection and immune model were established by inoculation of different age ducks and different infection protocols. The virus replication and specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were detected in each group. Results Inoculation of DHBV in adult ducks resulted in the formation of transient viremia. The levels of anti-DHBs and anti-DHBc were significantly higher in infected chickens than in chronic chickens infected with DHBV (P <0.05) The level was higher than the acute infection group (P <0.01). Analysis of specific cell-mediated immune response (CMI) suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferated more rapidly in vitro than the chronically infected group on the 10th day after infection, but decreased rapidly within 5 weeks after infection. There was no significant difference between the immunized group and acute infection group. Conclusion Infection host immune response, especially the specific immune response is an important factor in determining the outcome of infection.