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一 历史考察是认识历史的一种方式,它与历史教学发生联系是由历史知识的过去性与一度性特点所引起的。历史,不管是发生在近期的,还是发生在久远的,就历史教学而言,都是发生在已经过去的时间里,而且它是以过程形式存在,即过去了的永远过去了,既不会再现,也不会重演。对中学生来说,不管是古代史、近代史,还是现代史、当代史,都不是他们所曾亲眼目睹或亲身经历的事。这一实际情况无疑与中学生的认识规律发生矛盾。因为学习是一种认识活动,人的认识是从感性认识开始的。所谓感性认识系指对认识对象的具体感知。历史学习怎样从感知开始,这便是历史教学的一大难题。
A historical study is a way of understanding history, and its connection with history teaching is caused by the past and the historical characteristics of historical knowledge. History, whether it occurs in the near future or in the long run, takes place in the time that has elapsed in the case of history teaching, and it exists in the form of process, that is, it has passed forever, neither Reproduce, it will not repeat itself. For middle school students, no matter ancient history, modern history, modern history or contemporary history, they are not what they have witnessed or experienced in person. This actual situation undoubtedly contradicts the law of understanding of middle school students. Because learning is a kind of cognitive activity, human cognition begins with perceptual knowledge. The so-called perceptual awareness refers to the specific perception of the object of understanding. How to learn history from the beginning, this is a major problem in history teaching.