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长期以来,在中学历史教学过程中,学生在课堂上的学习过程比较单调,教科书是惟一的教学语言,教师成为惟一的传授者,“一言堂”“满堂灌”占据着学生课堂学习的整个过程,学生只是知识的被动接受者,历史学习突出强化的是学生的记忆能力,而历史思维能力的锻炼、学习方法的引导、情感态度价值观的培养则被忽视了。2001年颁布的《全日制义务教育历史课程标准》对初中学生学习过程的改革提出了明确要求:历史课程的改革“应有利于学生学习方式的转变,倡导学生积极主动的参与教学过程,勇于提出问题,学习分析问题和解决问题的方法,
For a long time, in the process of history teaching in middle schools, the learning process of students in the classroom has been relatively monotonous. Textbooks are the only teaching language. Teachers have become the only instructors. The “full talk hall” and “full hall irrigation” occupy the entire process of students’ classroom learning. It is only the passive recipient of knowledge that the historical learning emphasizes the memory ability of the students. However, the exercise of historical thinking ability, the guidance of learning methods, and the cultivation of emotional attitudes and values are neglected. The History Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education promulgated in 2001 puts forward clear requirements for the reform of the junior high school students’ learning process: the reform of the history curriculum “should be conducive to the change of students’ learning methods, and encourage students to actively participate in the teaching process and be bold in proposing. Problems, learning and analyzing problems and ways to solve problems,