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目的研究浙江省某沿海城市一起伤寒暴发疫情的特征和原因。方法应用描述性流行病学和分析性流行病学相结合的研究方法,采用Epi-Info 2002软件进行数据统计分析。结果经过现场流行病学调查显示,这是一起经水传播的伤寒点源暴发疫情。此次伤寒暴发病例共58例,主要是外来民工,集中在下马周边地区。经病例对照研究单因素分析显示,此次伤寒的暴发与下马菜场(χ2=9.84,P<0.05)、井水使用方式(χ2=25.85,P<0.05)、吃熟食(χ2=9.18,P<0.05,OR=4.13)和在外就餐(χ2=13.97,P<0.05,OR=10.88)具有统计学联系,经非条件多因素Logistic回归分析显示井水用来洗瓜果蔬菜(OR=5.7,95%CI=2.2~14.6)及在外就餐(OR=8.2,95%CI=1.5~44.3)是此次疫情的主要危险因素。结论此次伤寒暴发主要是由下马菜场井水使用不当和外来人口不良饮食习惯引起的,通过现场流行病学调查和有效的控制措施,伤寒疫情得到有效控制。
Objective To study the characteristics and causes of a typhoid outbreak in a coastal city of Zhejiang Province. Methods Using the combination of descriptive epidemiology and analytical epidemiology, Epi-Info 2002 was used to analyze the data. Results After the field epidemiological investigation showed that it was an outbreak of waterborne typhoid point outbreak. A total of 58 cases of this outbreak of typhoid fever, mainly migrant workers, focused on dismantling the surrounding areas. The univariate analysis of case-control study showed that the outbreak of typhoid fever and dismount farms (χ2 = 9.84, P <0.05), well water use (χ2 = 25.85, P <0.05) (OR = 5.7, 95, OR = 4.13) and out-of-home meals (χ2 = 13.97, P <0.05, OR = 10.88). Logistic regression analysis showed that well water was used to wash fruits and vegetables % CI = 2.2 ~ 14.6) and dining out (OR = 8.2,95% CI = 1.5 ~ 44.3) were the main risk factors of the outbreak. Conclusion The outbreak of typhoid fever was mainly caused by the improper use of well water and the bad eating habit of migrant workers in the dismantled vegetable farms. Through the field epidemiological investigation and effective control measures, typhoid fever was effectively controlled.