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海水鱼和淡水鱼的消化道内都有一个规律的微生物菌群,它可分为土著微生物菌群和外来微生物菌群。恒温动物消化道中优势菌群为专性厌氧菌,而水生生物中需氧菌和兼性厌氧菌为优势菌群,尽管也在一些鱼类的消化道中发现专性厌氧菌。鱼类消化道微生物菌群在疾病防御中发挥重要作用,它通过产生抗菌物质来抑制致病菌进入组织。胃肠道细菌参与营养物质的分解,为宿主提供生理活性物质,如酶、氨基酸和维生素。本文综述报道肠道细菌提供营养物质的益生作用及提高机体抵抗疾病的能力。
Marine fish and freshwater fish in the digestive tract have a regular microbial flora, which can be divided into indigenous microbial flora and alien microbial flora. The dominant bacteria in the digestive tract of warm-blooded animals are obligate anaerobic bacteria, while the aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria in aquatic organisms are the dominant bacteria, although obligate anaerobes are found in some fish digestive tract. Microbial flora of fish digestive tract plays an important role in disease defense by inhibiting the entry of pathogens into the tissue by producing antimicrobial substances. Gastrointestinal bacteria are involved in the breakdown of nutrients and provide the host with physiologically active substances such as enzymes, amino acids and vitamins. This review reports on the beneficial effects of gut bacteria in providing nutrients and enhancing the body’s ability to fight disease.