一、内部新闻自由的提出和发展 “内部新闻自由”作为一个确切的名词,是由德国首先提出。早在上世纪二、三十年代,德国新闻界的一些劳工运动就已经涉及到从业者的独立地位和自主权。[1]50年代,德国新闻业工会举行了一系列罢工以争取新闻从业者在企业内部的参与决定权利。到了60年代末70年代初,德国新闻界正式提出了“内部新闻自由”的口号,要求改革新闻媒介的内 I. Introduction and Development of Internal Press Freedom “Internal press freedom” as an exact noun was first proposed by Germany. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, some labor movements in the German press had already involved the independence and autonomy of practitioners. [1] In the 1950s, the German journalism unions held a series of strikes to secure the participation of journalists in the enterprise. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the German press formally put forward the slogan “Internal Press Freedom”, calling for the reform of the news media