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从历史上看,东欧国家一直是社会主义阵营中的改革先锋,但由于种种原因最终均未取得理想效果,改革最终走向激进并导致了社会主义阵营的分化。在转型初期,东欧国家普遍经历了政治动荡和经济衰退的巨大挫折,部分国家甚至产生了战争和分裂。在经历最初5年左右的阵痛后,东欧各国的元气逐渐恢复,一些国家已经或正在迈进高收入国家的“俱乐部”。然而,从计划经济到市场经济的巨大鸿沟不可能一步跨越,东欧国家的转型之路还很漫长。从“国家治理”的全局视角出发,有助于更清楚地把握东欧国家的真实转型进展,并为中国的转型发展提供可资借鉴的经验。
Historically, Eastern European countries have been the pioneers of reform in the socialist camp. However, they failed to achieve the desired result in the end because of various reasons. The reform eventually led to radicalization and led to the polarization of the socialist camp. In the early stages of the transition, the Eastern European countries generally experienced the great setbacks of political turmoil and economic recession, and some countries even waged war and division. After experiencing the first five years or so of pain, the vitality of the countries in Eastern Europe gradually recovered. Some countries have already or are moving into “clubs” in high-income countries. However, the huge gap between the planned economy and the market economy can not be leapfrogged, and the transition of Eastern European countries is still going through a long period of transition. From the overall perspective of “state governance”, this will help to grasp more clearly the progress made in the real transformation of Eastern European countries and provide a reference for China’s transformation and development.