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油茶是小乔木,为我国南方重要的油料树种,种子可榨茶油,是一种高级植物油,色清味香,营养丰富,油酸含量高,易为人体吸收,不致使胆固醇增加,有益人们健康。茶油经加工后,可作医药及工业用,果壳还可制活性炭、碳酸钾,提取皂素等多种化工原料。 油茶喜温暖湿润气候,要求年平均气温14至21摄氏度,最低月平均气温不低于零度,分布在秦岭、淮河以南15个省区,耐干旱贫瘠土壤,一般以PH值5～6的酸性黄壤或红壤最为适宜,在土壤疏松、深厚肥沃的沙质壤土生长发育更好。南方荒山造林先锋树种——马尾松能生长的地方,油茶也能适应。所以,也有人说:油茶是荒山造林的先锋树种。
Camellia is a small tree, southern China is an important oilseed species, seeds can be pressed tea oil, is a high-grade vegetable oil, color and taste, rich in nutrition, high oleic acid content, easy to absorb the body, will not increase cholesterol, beneficial to human health . Tea oil after processing, can be used for medicine and industrial use, the shell can also be made of activated carbon, potassium carbonate, saponin and other chemical extraction of raw materials. Camellia hi warm and humid climate, requiring an average annual temperature of 14 to 21 degrees Celsius, the minimum monthly mean temperature of not less than zero degrees, located in the Qinling Mountains, 15 provinces and autonomous regions south of the Huaihe River, drought-resistant barren soil, generally PH 5 ~ 6 acid Yellow or red soil most suitable, in the loose soil, rich and fertile sandy loam growth and development better. Southern pioneers of barren hills afforestation species - where the growth of masson pine can also be adapted. So, some people say: Camellia is the pioneer tree afforestation.