古印度梵文史诗《摩诃婆罗多》所表述的伦理思想可以启示我们从一个包容、多元的角度看待西方伦理学中的三种主要理论:康德的道义论、功利主义的后果论和亚里士多德的德性伦理学。它们分别涉及到人的认知性、感受性和德性。这三种理论各有其支持的理由,也存在各自不同的困难。但它们之间不会完全相互排斥,而是和而不同。其中的每一个都不能充分地解释道德行为。只有基于责任、共同善的追求和美德这三者,才能做出一个完整的道德评价。 The ethical thought expressed in the ancient Indian Sanskrit epic Mahabharata can reveal our three major theories in western ethics from an inclusive and diverse perspective: Kant’s moral theory, the utilitarian theory of consequence and Aristotle Dodd’s Ethics of Virtue. They relate to human cognition, feelings and virtues respectively. Each of these three theories has its own reasons for its support, as well as its own different difficulties. But they will not be completely mutually exclusive, but different. Each of them fails to adequately explain moral behavior. Only on the basis of responsibility, common good pursuit and virtue can we make a complete moral evaluation.