《诗·豳风·七月》,公认是研究中国古代史,特别是西周史的一篇重要史料。但对该诗的解释及其所反映的社会性质,各家说法不同。持西周奴隶社会说的学者,认为诗中的农夫农妇是奴隶,以此证明西周是奴隶社会。而持西周封建说的学者则认为,诗中农夫农妇乃农奴,以此证明西周是封建社会。当然,单从一首诗来论定一个社会的性质,很难说是证据充分;但也要承认《七月》一诗,在某种程度上确有一叶知秋、见微知著的作用。因此,我们也着重从对《七月》一诗所作的不同解释中,联系一些有关情 “Poetry Bianfeng July”, recognized as ancient Chinese history, especially the Western Zhou Dynasty an important historical data. However, the explanation of the poem and the nature of the society reflected by it are different from each other. The scholars who hold the slave society in the Western Zhou Dynasty think that the farmers and peasants in the poem are slaves, thus proving that the Western Zhou Dynasty was a slave society. Scholars who held the feudalism in the Western Zhou Dynasty believed that the peasants and peasants in the poem were serfs, thus proving that the Western Zhou Dynasty was a feudal society. Of course, it is hard to say that the nature of a society is determined by a single poem. However, we must admit that the “July” poem has, to some extent, the effect of knowing one’s own interests and knowing everything. Therefore, we also emphasize that we should contact some related sentiments from different interpretations of the poem “July”