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为了应对美国环保局(EPA)1998年发布的机车排放标准(2000年生效),GE公司开始着手GEVO发动机的开发。开发这种新的发动机平台是为了满足美国环保局和其他立法机构未来的排放法规要求,以及满足客户所需要的高可靠性、低运行成本的要求。创新系列机车自2005年开始投放市场以来,已有超过2000台Tier2达标机车交货,已经证明,该机车采用的GEVO发动机是非常可靠、高效的。为满足Tier2排放标准要求而设计的GEVO发动机是非常成功的,最近,为满足美国EPA Tier3机车排放标准要求,对其又进行了修改。通过改进喷油方法、减少机油消耗和改进进气系统,发动机PM(颗粒物)排放量减少了50%;同时,NOx的排放量保持不变,而且也没有对燃油经济性构成损害。PM减排目标是通过机油消耗的减少和喷油控制方法的改进而达到的。机油消耗量的减少是通过采用一套更得力的活塞环组和缸套表面的优化而实现的。为了判定各种动力组件结构设计特点带来的影响并选择最终的动力组结构,采用了一套瞬时的机油消耗测量系统。该系统使我们对不同运行条件下(即低负荷工况、过渡工况和高负荷工况)的机油迁移机理有了深刻的理解。通过采用新的高压共轨燃油喷射系统,可以更灵活地调节燃油的喷射和控制喷射压力,从而进一步降低了颗粒物排放量。燃油消耗率的损失是通过提高增压器效率和采用提前关闭进气门以及优化喷油方法来弥补的。最终的结构经过了大量的试验台试验和现场耐久性试验的验证。本文将对GE公司下一代机车柴油机的发展过程和设计特点加以介绍。
In response to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued in 1998 locomotive emission standards (effective in 2000), GE started GEVO engine development. The new engine platform was developed to meet the future emissions regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other legislatures as well as meet the high reliability and low operating costs required by customers. Since its launch in 2005, the innovative series of locomotives have delivered more than 2,000 Tier2-conforming locomotives and have proved that GEVO engines used in the locomotives are very reliable and efficient. The GEVO engine, designed to meet the Tier 2 emission standards, has been very successful and was recently modified to meet the EPA EPA Tier 3 locomotive emission standards. Engine emissions were reduced by 50% by improving injection methods, reducing oil consumption and improving the intake system; at the same time, NOx emissions remained constant without compromising fuel economy. PM reduction targets through the reduction of oil consumption and fuel injection control methods to achieve the improvement. The reduction in oil consumption is achieved through the use of a more robust piston ring and cylinder liner surface optimization. In order to determine the impact of the structural design features of various powertrain components and to select the final powertrain configuration, an instantaneous oil consumption measurement system was used. This system gives us a deep understanding of the mechanism of oil migration under different operating conditions (ie, low-load conditions, transitional conditions and high-load conditions). With the new high-pressure common rail fuel injection system, fuel injection and control of injection pressure can be more flexibly adjusted to further reduce particulate emissions. The loss of fuel consumption is compensated by increasing supercharger efficiency and by closing the intake valve in advance and optimizing the injection method. The final structure after a large number of test bench test and field durability test validation. This article will introduce GE’s next generation locomotive diesel engine development process and design features to be introduced.