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引言 海面风场遥感的基础工作之一是微波散射特性的研究。美国于一九七八年发射了一颗海洋卫星Seasat-A,卫星上载有微波散射计,它被用来遥感全球风场,其测量风速范围为3—25m/s,测风速的精度为±2m/s或±10％,海面上分辨率达50公里。在海洋卫星发射以前,他们对海面风速与海面微波散射特性之间的关系已作了充分的研究,这样才能判读星载或机载上所得到的遥感数据。国外在这方面做了大量的工作,积累了大量的数据。例如,美国学者格兰特和易普利将雷达散射计架在桥上俯视河水,找出了3.2厘米、1.25厘米、8.6毫米海面回波与风速的函数关系。
Introduction One of the basic work of remote sensing of sea surface wind field is the research of microwave scattering. The United States launched Seasat-A, a marine satellite, in 1978. The satellite contains a microwave scatterometer, which is used to remotely sense wind fields around the world. The measured wind speed ranges from 3 to 25 m / s and the accuracy of the measured wind speed is ± 2m / s or ± 10% resolution on the sea of 50 km. Before the launch of the ocean satellite, they had sufficiently studied the relationship between sea surface wind speed and the scattering characteristics of sea surface microwaves in order to interpret the remote sensing data obtained onboard or onboard. Foreign countries have done a great deal of work in this area and accumulated a large amount of data. For example, the American scholar Grant and Ipreek planted the radar scatterometer on the bridge overlooking the river and found the function of the wind echoes of 3.2cm, 1.25cm and 8.6mm as a function of wind speed.