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近二、三十年来世界上大多数国家伤寒发病率下降,而伤寒、副伤寒以外的沙门氏菌感染日益增多,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(以下简称鼠伤寒菌)感染首位。且易侵犯婴幼儿,败血症型及合并化脓性脑膜炎者多见,常在产科婴儿室及婴幼儿病房造成医院内流行,故应引起医务人员的高度重视。病因和流行病学沙门氏菌属为需氧菌、不形成芽胞亦无荚膜而有活动的杆菌。按照 Kauffmann—White 抗原表,鼠伤寒菌属于 B 族,其菌体(O)抗原含有1、4、5、12因子,鞭毛(H)抗原第1相含有 i,第2相含有1、2因子,以此与本族其他菌相区别。该菌生活力较强,在粪便中能生存4个月,灰尘中生存10个月,土壤中可活251天,低温下可保持其活力,但不能进行繁殖。对热不稳定,55℃1小时,
In the past two or three decades, the incidence of typhoid fever has dropped in most countries in the world, and the number of Salmonella infections outside typhoid and paratyphoid has been increasing. Among them, Salmonella typhimurium (hereinafter referred to as S. typhimurium) has the highest infection rate. And infringement of infants and young children, septicemia and purulent meningitis are more common, often in obstetric infant rooms and infants wards caused by the hospital epidemic, it should cause medical personnel attention. Etiology and Epidemiology Salmonella is an aerobic bacterium that does not form spores or capsular but active bacilli. According to the Kauffmann-White antigenic table, S. typhimurium belongs to group B, the bacterial (O) antigen contains 1,4,5,12, the flagellar (H) antigen phase 1 contains i, the second phase contains 1,2-factor , In order to distinguish with other native bacteria. The strong viability of the bacteria in the stool can survive 4 months, 10 months of life in the dust, the soil can live 251 days, can maintain its vitality under low temperature, but can not be breeding. Thermal instability, 1 hour at 55 ° C,