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1928年国民党名义上统一全国后,遵照孙中山生前制定的“军政、训政、宪政”的建国策略,决定在全国范围内结束军政,实行训政。国民党训政的实质在于搞一党专制,所以自1929年上半年起,以胡适、罗隆基、梁实秋为代表的“新月派”从人权角度对此进行了尖锐的批判。这一场带有强烈宪政诉求的“人权运动”,揭开了20世纪中国自由主义知识分子与执政党冲突的历史第一幕。但是,近三年(1929—1931年)的“人权论战”,“新月派”遭到了来自左右两个方面的围攻,腹背受敌。“人权论战”的历史困局,同时也是20世纪中国自由主义知识分子的历史困局。
After the nationalist party unanimously unified the country in 1928, Sun Yat-sen decided to end the military administration and carry out the training of the state by following the founding strategy of “military administration, political training, and constitutional government.” Since the first half of 1929, the “New Moon School” represented by Hu Shih, Luo Longji and Liang Shih-ch’iu has sharply criticized this from a human rights perspective. This “human rights movement” with a strong constitutional appeal opened the first episode of the history of the 20th century Chinese intellectual clashes with the ruling party. However, in the past three years (1929-1931), “human rights polemics” and “Crescent Moon” were attacked by two sides from both sides and were attacked by enemies. The historical dilemma of “human rights polemics” is also the historical dilemma of Chinese liberal intellectuals in the 20th century.