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在低坝或低佛氏数水跃消能中,宽尾墩的应用使水流结构发生了巨大变化。黄河大峡水电站溢洪道宽尾墩消能方案研究中,这一情况非常明显。这一特有的水流形态可称之谓宽尾墩水跃。本文首先对宽尾墩水跃的机理进行了定性描述,并且对宽尾墩水跃中几个关键问题进行了论述:通过波浪要素的量测,分析了宽尾墩对水跃的跃后波浪的抑制作用;通过流速和紊动强度的量测,计算,分析了宽尾墩水跃后紊动强度分布与消能效率;借助压力传感器和一套分析处理系统,揭示了宽尾墩水跃消力沲底板脉动荷载的变化规律。实验证明:与高坝宽尾墩消能相比,宽尾墩在低坝消能中同样十分有效。在低坝上采用墩——池结合的消能型式。可以有力地抑制下游波浪,稳定消能水体,调整流速分布,减小下游紊动强度增加低佛氏数水跃消能的消能率,减轻建筑物下游的冲刷。当然,在具体应用这一消能型式时,还要考虑工程涉及到的其他问题。
The application of flaring piers has drastically changed the structure of the water flow in low-slump or low-Fojer hydrojunction energy dissipation. This situation is very clear in the energy dissipation study of the flaring pier of the Yellow River’s Daxi Hydropower Station. This unique flow pattern can be called flaring piers. In this paper, the mechanism of the wake of the flaring piers is firstly described qualitatively, and several key problems in the wake of the flaring piers are discussed. By the measurement of the wave elements, the wake wave of the flaring piers is analyzed. The turbulence intensity distribution and energy dissipation efficiency of flaring piers were calculated and analyzed by measuring flow velocity and turbulence intensity. With the help of pressure sensor and a set of analysis and processing system, The variation regularity of pulsating load on the slack plate. Experiments show that the flaring piers are also very effective in dissipating low dam energy compared with the energy dissipating of flaring piers in high dam. In the low dam using pier - pool combination of energy-saving type. It can effectively restrain the downstream wave, stabilize the energy dissipating body, adjust the flow velocity distribution, reduce the downstream turbulence intensity, increase the energy dissipation rate of low Fj energy dissipation and reduce the erosion downstream of the building. Of course, in the specific application of this energy-dissipating model, but also consider other issues involved in the project.