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乐亭县徐家店乡沙铺村农民李文森,1995年在2.5亩地膜西瓜垄面上种撮玉米,平均亩产玉米650公斤,西瓜5100公斤。西瓜产量与西瓜玉米间作产量持平,玉米产量比西瓜玉米间作的增产36％。 该栽培方式的优点有三:1.省肥。西瓜生长期短,难于全部吸收利用施入的底肥和追肥,从而可给同垄种植的玉米留下良好的地力基础。据测定,常用化肥当季利用率:碳酸氢铵中的氮为20—30％,磷酸二铵中的氮45——60％,磷18——25％,硫酸钾中的钾40——50％,尿素中的氮40——50％(见1995年《河北农业》第1期19页)。鉴于上述原因,李文森对玉米不施底肥,不搞追肥,1亩地节省开支130元。2.省工。同一地膜既盖西瓜又盖玉米,因此,玉米不用中耕除草,又不追化肥,每亩可节省人工4个左右。3.西瓜病害减轻。西瓜生长后期,正值高温高湿季节,历年都是病害发生较严重,蔓延迅速。这时玉米茎叶可为西瓜遮阳,形成阴凉的小气候,使西瓜病害明显减轻。
Laoting Xu village shop Shapu village farmer Li Wenson, in 1995 2.5 acres of plastic film watermelon ridge crop of corn, the average yield of 650 kilograms of corn, watermelon 5100 kilograms. Yield of watermelon and watermelon intercropping yield unchanged, yield of corn than watermelon intercropping 36% increase. The cultivation methods have three advantages: 1. Provincial fertilizer. Watermelon growth period is short, it is difficult to fully absorb the use of fertilizer and applied top dressing, which can give the ridge cultivation of corn left a good foundation for the land. It is determined that the commonly used fertilizer seasonal utilization: ammonium bicarbonate in the nitrogen is 20-30%, 45-60% nitrogen in the diammonium phosphate, 18--25% phosphorus, 40-40 potassium sulfate %, Nitrogen in urea 40 - 50% (see “1995 Hebei Agricultural” No. 1 19). In view of the above reasons, Levinson does not apply base fertilizer on corn, do not engage in top-dressing, saving 130 yuan a mu of land. 2. Labor. The same film covering both watermelon and corn cover, therefore, no cultivation of corn weeding, not chasing fertilizer, artificial labor per acre can be saved about 4 or so. 3. Watermelon disease alleviate. Late growth of watermelons, positive high temperature and humidity season, the disease over the years are more serious, rapid spread. At this time corn stems and leaves can watermelon shade, forming a cool microclimate, watermelon disease significantly reduced.