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下面选载的四段文字系摘自美国哈佛大学教授斯坦利·卡维尔的著作《见到的世界》(牛津大学出版社,1979),原为该书的第三、四,五、六章。 卡维尔的《见到的世界》初次发表于1972年。这不是一本具有完整性或系统性的理论著作,而毋宁是若干篇观影随笔的集成。斯坦利·卡维尔作为一位哲学教授,他只是在讲授美学的过程中发现电影是一个绝好的题目,因而从1963年起在伊利诺斯、印第安那等大学陆续以随笔的形式写成了这些讲义。各篇的题目明显带有很大的随意性,因为这不是为研究电影而写,而是借电影来研究艺术的。它们思想庞杂,跳跃性大,并且行文晦涩,许多观点含糊不清。卡维尔本人也承认有不少读者认为这是一本难读的书,但他认为原因在于电影的本质过于含糊不清。 然而透过这片理论的迷雾,人们还是可以觉察到卡维尔是帕诺夫斯基、巴赞等人的电影本体论的忠实拥护者。他也认为电影艺术的根本特征在于它是在没有人的主观干预下“自动地”完成的。他把电影的出现同人要求认识世界的迫切愿望联系了起来。而电影之所以最能满足人的这种愿望,在于它不像其他视觉艺术那样(如绘画、舞台演出),把观众闭锁在一个自给自足的艺术世界里。电影银幕的边框是无限的,与外部世界永远相连,所以它使观众能自由转移其注意点,并且能?
The four selected passages are taken from Stanley Cavill, a professor at Harvard University in the United States, The World to See (Oxford University Press, 1979), which was the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters of the book. Cavill’s World of Seeings was first published in 1972. This is not a complete or systematic theoretical work, but rather the integration of several essays. As a professor of philosophy, Stanley Carwell discovered that film was a perfect subject only in the teaching of aesthetics, and since 1963 he has written in essays in universities such as Illinois and Indiana Handout The title of each article is obviously a lot of randomness, because it is not for the study of the film to write, but to study the art of film. They are complicated in thought, big in their leaps and bounds, and arcane in their writing. Many of them are vague. Carville himself admitted that there are many readers think this is a difficult book, but he believes that the reason is that the nature of the movie is too vague. However, through the fog of this theory, one can still find out that Cavill is a faithful advocate of movie ontology by Panovsky and Barzan. He also believes that the fundamental feature of cinema art is that it is done “automatically” without any human intervention. He linked the emergence of a movie to the urgent desire of people to know the world. And the movie’s greatest desire to satisfy people is that unlike other visual arts (such as painting and stage performance), the audience is locked in a self-sufficient art world. The border of the movie screen is infinite and always connected with the outside world, so it enables viewers to freely divert their attention and can?