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根据相关规范标准要求,对于小型平板(一般认为尺寸≤3 m×3 m)载荷试验要采用刚性板,采用千斤顶进行分级加载,采用百分表或位移计测量压板沉降变形,而且由于尺寸效应问题,载荷试验影响深度有限。但是对于大型载荷试验(数十平米、数千吨荷载),采用绝对刚性承压板或采用千斤顶分级加载存在较大难度,不能完全按照规范要求一一实现。对此,提出适用于针对大型平板载荷试验的方法,阐述了试验注意的关键步骤及试验方法。最后以两个大型载荷试验成功案例(17 m×12 m、7.1 m×7.1 m)为介绍,总结了大型平板载荷试验注意的问题及操作步骤,供需要做大型平板载荷试验的相关人员参考。
According to relevant normative standard requirements, for the small plate (generally considered size ≤ 3 m × 3 m) load test to rigid plate, the use of jack grading loading, using dial gauge or displacement meter to measure the settlement of platens, and the size effect The load test has a limited depth of influence. However, for large load test (tens of square meters, thousands of tons of load), the use of absolute rigid bearing plate or jack grading loading there is a big difficulty, can not be fully in accordance with the requirements of the specification one by one. In this regard, a method suitable for large-scale plate load test is proposed, and the key steps and test methods for test attention are described. Finally, the successful cases (17 m × 12 m, 7.1 m × 7.1 m) of two large-scale load tests are summarized. The problems and operation steps of the large-scale plate load test are summarized for the reference of those who need to do large-scale plate load test.