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目的初步探讨室内外空气污染对学龄儿童细胞免疫功能的影响,为研究汽车尾气的健康效应提供科学依据。方法2008年4—5月,采用整群抽样的方法抽取重交通污染区某学校五、六年级学生97人,轻交通污染区某学校五、六年级学生45人,共142人作为研究对象,问卷调查收集个人资料及室内空气污染情况,流式细胞仪测定其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+百分含量及CD4+/CD8+等指标。结果重交通污染区学生T淋巴细胞亚群指标CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+均值分别为58.595%,30.027%,23.807%,1.407;轻交通污染区学生CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+均值分别为66.572%,37.690%,24.463%,1.787,除CD8+外差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。室外污染情况相同时,轻污染区换气次数3次以上组CD3+与CD8+均值高于换气次数2～3次组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。室内单个影响因素相同时,重污染区CD4+含量显著低于轻污染区,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论室内外空气污染对学龄儿童细胞免疫具有抑制作用,汽车尾气可能为主要影响因素。
Objective To investigate the effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution on cellular immune function in school-age children and provide a scientific basis for studying the health effects of vehicle tail gas. Methods From April to May 2008, a total of 142 students in grade 5 and 6 in a heavy traffic polluted area were recruited by cluster sampling method, 45 students in grade 5 and 6 in a light traffic pollution area were selected as research objects. Questionnaires were collected to collect personal data and indoor air pollution. The levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 + / CD8 + in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Results The mean values of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 + / CD8 + of T lymphocyte subsets in heavy traffic polluted area were 58.595%, 30.027%, 23.807% and 1.407 respectively; mean of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 + / CD8 + Respectively, 66.572%, 37.690%, 24.463%, 1.787, except for CD8 +, there were significant differences (P <0.05, P <0.01). When the outdoor pollution was the same, the mean values of CD3 + and CD8 + were higher than those of ventilation 2-3 times in the lightly contaminated area with more than 3 times of ventilation, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). When the indoor single influence factors were same, the content of CD4 + in heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that in light polluted area, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Indoor and outdoor air pollution has an inhibitory effect on cellular immunity of school-age children, and vehicle exhaust may be the main influencing factor.