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microRNA是一类长约22 nt的内源性非编码单链RNA,它主要通过结合靶基因3’端非编码区,在细胞质中形成沉默复合物,降解靶基因或者阻碍靶基因的表达,从而参与机体内基因的转录和翻译水平调控。最新研究表明,microRNA参与生物体各种各样的调节通路,包括参与细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡、生长、免疫反应和离子转运等过程。文章对microRNA的合成、作用机理及近年来microRNA在山羊、绵羊的乳腺发育、泌乳性能、肌肉增殖、肌肉分化、毛囊发育和毛色发育等方面的研究进行综述,旨在了解microRNA调控动物生长发育的机制,探讨microRNA对山羊、绵羊的产奶量、羊肉品质和羊毛品质的影响,为我国山羊、绵羊品种的遗传资源保护及合理利用,生产性能的改善及提高提供有益的参考,促进我国养羊业的快速发展。
MicroRNAs are a class of 22-nt endogenous, non-coding single-stranded RNAs that degrade target genes or block the expression of target genes by binding to the 3 ’noncoding region of the target gene, creating a silent complex in the cytoplasm Participate in the body’s gene transcription and translation level regulation. Recent research shows that microRNA participates in a variety of regulatory pathways in the organism, including participation in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, growth, immune response and ion transport. This review summarizes the synthesis of microRNAs, their mechanism of action, and recent researches on microRNAs in goats and sheep, breast development, lactation, muscle proliferation, muscle differentiation, hair follicle development and coat color development. Mechanism to explore the effect of microRNA on the milk yield, quality of mutton and wool quality of goat and sheep, and provide useful reference for the genetic resource protection and rational utilization of goat and sheep breed in our country and the improvement and improvement of production performance, The rapid development of industry.