食管癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,死亡率位于肺癌、胃癌及肝癌之后居第4位,其发生和发展除与长期吸烟和饮酒、亚硝胺类及霉菌的摄入、膳食中缺乏维生素及微量元素(如钼)等因素有关外,与个体遗传的分子生物学改变也有密切关系,其特点表现为癌基因的活化和抗癌基因的丢失或失 Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. The mortality rate is ranked fourth after lung cancer, stomach cancer and liver cancer. Its occurrence and development are not only related to long-term smoking and drinking, nitrosamines and mold intake, and meals. In addition to the lack of vitamins and trace elements (such as molybdenum) and other factors, there is also a close relationship with the molecular genetics of individual genetics. Its characteristics are the activation of oncogenes and the loss or loss of anti-oncogenes.