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Since racial discrimination runs against the justice and equality recognized by human beings， why it exists for a long time and is hard to remove and becomes the virus that blocks the social development.
那么，既然种族歧视与人类所公认的正义、平等皆背道而驰，为何却长期存在于世并难以消除，还成为了阻碍社会发展的病毒？
The gap of race comes f
rom a long way
种族鸿沟由来已久
“No matter the racial discrimination in America nowadays or the apartheid in South Africa’s history are both connected to the historical development of the country，” some experts said.
It is known that， the racial discrimination history in America is age old. Zhong Xueping， professor of Tufts University once said， there are two lines of bold words carved on a square pillar at the subway station not far from the university. One line writes： 13500BC Glacier formed “esker” hills and the other line writes： 1620 Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Zhong asked that “From BC13500 to BC1620， there is no other groups lived in this place？ Why erase all their existence？” It shows that， since the first group of Negro slaves was traded to Virginia colony in 1619， the racial problem came. On the basis of skin color discrimination， the earliest British pioneers in North America established black slavery.
“无论是眼前美国存在的种族歧视，还是南非历史上的种族隔离制度，都与本国的历史发展脉络息息相关”，有专家如是表示。
众所周知，美国种族歧视历史由来已久。美国塔夫茨大学教授钟雪萍就曾这样描述，在离她所在学校不远的地铁站里的一个方形柱子上，刻有两行醒目的字。第一行写着：13500BC Glacier formed“esker”hills（公元前13500，冰川形成“蛇形丘”地貌）；第二行写着：1620 Pilgrims landed at Plymouth（1620年，英国清教徒抵达普利茅斯）。钟雪萍反问“在公元前13500年到公元1620年之间，难道此地不曾居住过其他人群？为什么把他们曾经的存在抹得一干二净？”由此可见，从1619年随着第一批黑奴被贩卖到北美弗吉尼亚殖民地，种族问题随之而来。在对肤色歧视的基础上，英国在北美最早的拓荒者建立起了黑人奴隶制。
What’s more， some even provided “theoretical evidence”. British biologist Darwin said in his the Origin of Human Beings and the Selection of Sex that， “black people is a group between white people and gorillas and for them， and government has not to take any rescue measures. Since according to the survival of the fittest， they are not suitable for survival， which is the law of natural evolution.”
In 1849， French anatomist Paul Broca put forward a theory of “digital”， he concluded from his studies that， “Englanders have the biggest brain volume of 96 cubic inch. Americans and Germans have 90 cubic inch. Blacks’ brain volume is only 83 cubic inch.”
此外，更有甚者为此提供了“理论依据”，英国生物学家达尔文在《人类的起源及性的选择》中写道，“黑人是介于白人与大猩猩之间的种群，对于像黑人这样的群体，政府不应该采取任何救助措施，因为根据优胜劣汰法则，他们是不适合生存的种族，这是自然进化的规律。”
1849年，法国解剖学家保罗·白洛嘉则进一步提出“数字化”的理论，他研究得出结论，“英格兰人的脑容量最大，平均为96立方英寸。美国人和日耳曼人，则都有90立方英寸。黑人脑容量，只有83立方英寸。” Alien culture brings integration difficulties
异族文化涌入带来融合困境
Except for historical reasons， some experts said， “Though the abolishment of slavery and apartheid eliminated the difference between blacks and whites legally， black people is still a special group in culture and social psychology.” When reviewing the present， since the reform of American Immigration Law in 1965， many immigrants came here and made this country a giant “smelter”.
The coming problems， for the perspective of famous scholar Huntington’s warning “who we are”， “the culture conflict is inevitable.”
除去历史的原因，也有专家表示，“虽然蓄奴制和种族隔离制度的废除，从法律上消除了美国黑人与白人之间的差别，但是在文化上，在社会心理上，美国黑人仍然是一类特殊的人群。”回顾当下，随着1965年美国移民法改革后，大量移民进入美国，该国成为了一个巨大的“熔炉”。
随之而来的问题，用著名学者亨廷顿提出的“我们是谁”的警告来看，“文化冲突在所难免。”
Ji Hong， director of social cultural chamber of American Institutes for Research of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences used statistics showing that， “there are over 40 million external populations in America covering 13% of the total one. If according to this conjecture， in 2043， the proportion of white people will be lower than 50%. Racial problem will expand from the historical black and white one to minor groups and whites or even among minor groups.”
The same situation also appeared in the racial discrimination issue of “Chinese exclusion movement” once happened in some coastal countries of South-East Asia. For this， contemporary nationalism scholar Wang Xiaodong said with an example， “If there are 100 people living in an isolated island and only 60 people can have food. Then for living， it will have conflicts and groups will be formed during them. So what is the boundary of groups？ Blood relationship， language， skin color and emotion. If there is no big difference in the above aspects， then it will be divided according to left-hander and right-hander.”
中国社会科学院美国研究所社会文化室主任姬虹则用数据表示，“当前，美国外来人口已经超过4，000万，占总人口的近13%。若按此推测，2043年前后，美国白人人口比例将低于50%。种族问题也进而将从历史上的黑白问题，扩大到少数族裔与白人，甚至少数族裔之间。”
同样的情形，也出现在东南亚沿海一些国家曾经爆发的“排华运动”种族歧视问题上。对此，当代民族主义学者王小东举例表示，“假设有100个人生活在一个与世隔绝的孤岛上，而孤岛只能提供60个人的食物。这时，为了生存，就会产生冲突，在冲突中会划分出集团。划分集团的界限是什么？血缘关系、语言、肤色、感情……如果这100个人在上述方面都无明显差异界限，则集团也可沿着左撇子、右撇子的界限划分。”
Governments’ lack of action enhances conflicts
政府行动不力加深摩擦
UN said clearly in Eliminate All Forms of Racial Discrimination Declaration that， afraid to the still existing racial discrimination in some parts of the world， it is partially resulted from some governments carrying out “apartheid” or separation by legislative， administrative and other measures， or the spread of superior race and expansionism. It shows that， no matter the case of Hurricane Katrina attacked Gulf of Mexico or the event of African-American youths were shot dead by white policemen， the disappointing reaction of American government indirectly made the racial relationship more intense.
联合国在消除一切形式种族歧视宣言中明确表示，怵于世界若干地区内显然仍有种族歧视的现象，此等现象有一部分系若干政府借立法、行政或其他措施，以“种族隔离”，分隔及分离等形式而造成，或借在若干地区内鼓吹及传布种族优越及扩张主义的学说而造成。
由此可见，无论是在2005年卡特里娜飓风袭击美国南部墨西哥湾沿岸事件，还是今年对于非裔青年被白人警察击毙事件，美国政府所表现出令民众失望的反应，都间接使得种族关系更趋紧张。
Take Hurricane Katrina as an example， African-American got the huge casualties and property losses and the not timely rescue of Bush administration indirectly caused sharpening contradiction. Some African-American leaders even said， “The suffering of African-Americans after the disaster is just like that on slave ship.”
The Obama government of high hopes has always avoided and lightened racial problems. Even Obama showed sympathy to the dead African-American， their optimistic attitude for racial relationship has dropped 12% since 2009.
以卡特里娜飓风为例，当时造成的巨大人员伤亡和财产损失首当其冲的是非裔美国人，小布什政府救援的不及时间接造成了矛盾激化，甚至有非裔领袖表示，“灾后非裔美国人的遭遇如同当年在贩奴船上”。
而对于被寄予厚望的奥巴马政府，始终对种族问题采取回避和淡化态度。即使奥巴马对被枪杀的非裔表现出了同情，但非裔对种族关系持有的乐观态度比例从2009年到现在直线下降了12个百分点。
那么，既然种族歧视与人类所公认的正义、平等皆背道而驰，为何却长期存在于世并难以消除，还成为了阻碍社会发展的病毒？
The gap of race comes f
rom a long way
种族鸿沟由来已久
“No matter the racial discrimination in America nowadays or the apartheid in South Africa’s history are both connected to the historical development of the country，” some experts said.
It is known that， the racial discrimination history in America is age old. Zhong Xueping， professor of Tufts University once said， there are two lines of bold words carved on a square pillar at the subway station not far from the university. One line writes： 13500BC Glacier formed “esker” hills and the other line writes： 1620 Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Zhong asked that “From BC13500 to BC1620， there is no other groups lived in this place？ Why erase all their existence？” It shows that， since the first group of Negro slaves was traded to Virginia colony in 1619， the racial problem came. On the basis of skin color discrimination， the earliest British pioneers in North America established black slavery.
“无论是眼前美国存在的种族歧视，还是南非历史上的种族隔离制度，都与本国的历史发展脉络息息相关”，有专家如是表示。
众所周知，美国种族歧视历史由来已久。美国塔夫茨大学教授钟雪萍就曾这样描述，在离她所在学校不远的地铁站里的一个方形柱子上，刻有两行醒目的字。第一行写着：13500BC Glacier formed“esker”hills（公元前13500，冰川形成“蛇形丘”地貌）；第二行写着：1620 Pilgrims landed at Plymouth（1620年，英国清教徒抵达普利茅斯）。钟雪萍反问“在公元前13500年到公元1620年之间，难道此地不曾居住过其他人群？为什么把他们曾经的存在抹得一干二净？”由此可见，从1619年随着第一批黑奴被贩卖到北美弗吉尼亚殖民地，种族问题随之而来。在对肤色歧视的基础上，英国在北美最早的拓荒者建立起了黑人奴隶制。
What’s more， some even provided “theoretical evidence”. British biologist Darwin said in his the Origin of Human Beings and the Selection of Sex that， “black people is a group between white people and gorillas and for them， and government has not to take any rescue measures. Since according to the survival of the fittest， they are not suitable for survival， which is the law of natural evolution.”
In 1849， French anatomist Paul Broca put forward a theory of “digital”， he concluded from his studies that， “Englanders have the biggest brain volume of 96 cubic inch. Americans and Germans have 90 cubic inch. Blacks’ brain volume is only 83 cubic inch.”
此外，更有甚者为此提供了“理论依据”，英国生物学家达尔文在《人类的起源及性的选择》中写道，“黑人是介于白人与大猩猩之间的种群，对于像黑人这样的群体，政府不应该采取任何救助措施，因为根据优胜劣汰法则，他们是不适合生存的种族，这是自然进化的规律。”
1849年，法国解剖学家保罗·白洛嘉则进一步提出“数字化”的理论，他研究得出结论，“英格兰人的脑容量最大，平均为96立方英寸。美国人和日耳曼人，则都有90立方英寸。黑人脑容量，只有83立方英寸。” Alien culture brings integration difficulties
异族文化涌入带来融合困境
Except for historical reasons， some experts said， “Though the abolishment of slavery and apartheid eliminated the difference between blacks and whites legally， black people is still a special group in culture and social psychology.” When reviewing the present， since the reform of American Immigration Law in 1965， many immigrants came here and made this country a giant “smelter”.
The coming problems， for the perspective of famous scholar Huntington’s warning “who we are”， “the culture conflict is inevitable.”
除去历史的原因，也有专家表示，“虽然蓄奴制和种族隔离制度的废除，从法律上消除了美国黑人与白人之间的差别，但是在文化上，在社会心理上，美国黑人仍然是一类特殊的人群。”回顾当下，随着1965年美国移民法改革后，大量移民进入美国，该国成为了一个巨大的“熔炉”。
随之而来的问题，用著名学者亨廷顿提出的“我们是谁”的警告来看，“文化冲突在所难免。”
Ji Hong， director of social cultural chamber of American Institutes for Research of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences used statistics showing that， “there are over 40 million external populations in America covering 13% of the total one. If according to this conjecture， in 2043， the proportion of white people will be lower than 50%. Racial problem will expand from the historical black and white one to minor groups and whites or even among minor groups.”
The same situation also appeared in the racial discrimination issue of “Chinese exclusion movement” once happened in some coastal countries of South-East Asia. For this， contemporary nationalism scholar Wang Xiaodong said with an example， “If there are 100 people living in an isolated island and only 60 people can have food. Then for living， it will have conflicts and groups will be formed during them. So what is the boundary of groups？ Blood relationship， language， skin color and emotion. If there is no big difference in the above aspects， then it will be divided according to left-hander and right-hander.”
中国社会科学院美国研究所社会文化室主任姬虹则用数据表示，“当前，美国外来人口已经超过4，000万，占总人口的近13%。若按此推测，2043年前后，美国白人人口比例将低于50%。种族问题也进而将从历史上的黑白问题，扩大到少数族裔与白人，甚至少数族裔之间。”
同样的情形，也出现在东南亚沿海一些国家曾经爆发的“排华运动”种族歧视问题上。对此，当代民族主义学者王小东举例表示，“假设有100个人生活在一个与世隔绝的孤岛上，而孤岛只能提供60个人的食物。这时，为了生存，就会产生冲突，在冲突中会划分出集团。划分集团的界限是什么？血缘关系、语言、肤色、感情……如果这100个人在上述方面都无明显差异界限，则集团也可沿着左撇子、右撇子的界限划分。”
Governments’ lack of action enhances conflicts
政府行动不力加深摩擦
UN said clearly in Eliminate All Forms of Racial Discrimination Declaration that， afraid to the still existing racial discrimination in some parts of the world， it is partially resulted from some governments carrying out “apartheid” or separation by legislative， administrative and other measures， or the spread of superior race and expansionism. It shows that， no matter the case of Hurricane Katrina attacked Gulf of Mexico or the event of African-American youths were shot dead by white policemen， the disappointing reaction of American government indirectly made the racial relationship more intense.
联合国在消除一切形式种族歧视宣言中明确表示，怵于世界若干地区内显然仍有种族歧视的现象，此等现象有一部分系若干政府借立法、行政或其他措施，以“种族隔离”，分隔及分离等形式而造成，或借在若干地区内鼓吹及传布种族优越及扩张主义的学说而造成。
由此可见，无论是在2005年卡特里娜飓风袭击美国南部墨西哥湾沿岸事件，还是今年对于非裔青年被白人警察击毙事件，美国政府所表现出令民众失望的反应，都间接使得种族关系更趋紧张。
Take Hurricane Katrina as an example， African-American got the huge casualties and property losses and the not timely rescue of Bush administration indirectly caused sharpening contradiction. Some African-American leaders even said， “The suffering of African-Americans after the disaster is just like that on slave ship.”
The Obama government of high hopes has always avoided and lightened racial problems. Even Obama showed sympathy to the dead African-American， their optimistic attitude for racial relationship has dropped 12% since 2009.
以卡特里娜飓风为例，当时造成的巨大人员伤亡和财产损失首当其冲的是非裔美国人，小布什政府救援的不及时间接造成了矛盾激化，甚至有非裔领袖表示，“灾后非裔美国人的遭遇如同当年在贩奴船上”。
而对于被寄予厚望的奥巴马政府，始终对种族问题采取回避和淡化态度。即使奥巴马对被枪杀的非裔表现出了同情，但非裔对种族关系持有的乐观态度比例从2009年到现在直线下降了12个百分点。