胸腔积液是儿科呼吸系统常见疾病之一,多数患儿通过常规检查可明确病因,但部分患儿还需要胸腔镜协助诊断。胸腔镜可于直视下观察胸膜和肺部病变的形态、部位、大小,并取活检送病理检查,极大地提高了对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断率。近几年儿内科胸腔镜技术有了快速发展。现结合文献,对胸腔镜在胸腔积液中的使用经验进行总结。 Pleural effusion is one of the common diseases of the pediatric respiratory system, most children through routine examination can clearly cause, but some children also need to help diagnose thoracoscopy. The thoracoscope can observe the shape, location, size of pleural and pulmonary lesions under direct vision and take biopsy for pathological examination, which greatly improves the diagnostic rate of unexplained pleural effusion. In recent years, pediatric thoracoscopic technology has developed rapidly. Now combined with the literature on the use of thoracoscopy in pleural effusion experience.