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世界各主要产煤国的矿井采深都在逐年递增。以英国为例,采煤工作面覆盖层平均厚度1974年为469M,1983年为516M。南非金矿已达1000～3500M,其中半数在2000M以上,有的正计划向4000M发展。我国近年来千米深井陆续兴建,有人通过典型矿井参数动态特征分析,得出以下规律:井田内30年间平均每五年采深增加25M。深井开发的两大技术难题是:矿井高温与岩石高压。前者引起中暑,危害职工保健;后者导致岩爆,威协矿井安全。岩爆问题由于现代岩石力学的研究与应用,已经基本控制;而矿井环境问题则成为深部开采的决定性因素。
The mining depths of major coal producing countries in the world are increasing year by year. In the United Kingdom, for example, the average thickness of coal mining face cover was 469M in 1974 and 516M in 1983. South African gold has reached 1000 ~ 3500M, of which more than half in 2000M, and some are planning to 4000M development. In recent years, thousands of meters of deep wells have been built in our country. Some people have analyzed the dynamic characteristics of typical mine parameters to draw the following laws: The average depth of mine in every 30 years in a minefield is increased by 25M. Deep well development of the two major technical problems are: high temperature and rock high pressure mine. The former causes heatstroke and endangers workers’ health; the latter leads to rock burst and Wei Association mine safety. The rockburst problem has been basically controlled due to the research and application of modern rock mechanics. However, the environmental problems of mines have become the decisive factor in deep mining.