美国民俗学家阿兰·邓迪斯曾将普洛普和列维-斯特劳斯均看作结构主义的学者,普洛普的研究是“静态的”结构主义,列维-斯特劳斯则是“动态的”结构主义。本文认为从普洛普的“功能说”到列维-斯特劳斯的结构主义神话学不仅推动了结构主义学说和思想的发展,同时也为民间文学传统研究带来了全新挑战。本文旨在概述普洛普和列维-斯特劳斯关于“功能”和“结构”的论述,通过对各自论说中“功能”和“神话素”这两个基本概念进行比较,分析出二者理论和方法上的相似和差异,从而揭示出对民间文学进行结构研究的必要性。 American folklorist Alan Dandis once regarded both Popper and Levi-Strauss as structuralist scholars, and Popper’s study was “static” structuralism. Levi-Stewart Rolls is the “dynamic” structuralism. This paper argues that the structuralist mythology from Propp ’s “Theory of Function ” to Levi - Strauss not only promoted the development of structuralist theories and thoughts, but also brought new challenges to the study of traditional folk literature. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the statements made by Proulpe and Levi-Strauss about the “function” and the “structure.” By comparing two of the “functional” and “mythic” The basic concepts are compared to analyze the similarities and differences between the two theories and methods, thus revealing the necessity of structural studies of folk literature.