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古往今来,对民间口语的分类研究林林种种。在上海市九五重点图书大型语类工具书《语海》即将出版之际,仅就该书对民间口语的分类认识作些探讨。 《语海》对民间口语的分类界定,具有与一般传统不同的概念。它首次把这些语汇分成谚语、俗语、歇后语、惯用语、俗成语、暗语等六大类,这是一项新的尝试。 首次明确区分谚语、俗语 对于谚语的称谓,历来有许多,如:“俚语曰谚”、“谚,俗语也。”、“谚,俗言也。”、“谚,俗所传言也。”、“谚,直言也。”等。这些说法虽从不同方面说明了谚语的性质,但古人说的“谚”实则和“语”属于并列结构,是广义的谚,也就是说谚语包含所有民间语汇。郭绍虞1921年在《谚语的研究》一文里提出:“谚是人的实际经验之结果,而用美的言词以表现者,于日常谈话可以公然使用,
Throughout the ages, there have been various studies on the classification of folk spoken languages. In the forthcoming publication of the “Language of the Sea”, a large-scale linguistic reference tool for the 95 major books of Shanghai Municipality, it discusses only the book’s classification and understanding of folk spoken. The definition and classification of folk spoken language by the “sea of words” have different concepts from the general tradition. For the first time, it divides these terms into six major categories: proverbs, colloquialisms, clichés, idioms, idioms, and parables. This is a new attempt. For the first time, there is a clear distinction between proverbs and proverbs. There have always been many proverbs, such as “slang proverbs,” “proverbs, proverbs,” “proverbs, Proverb, bluntly. ”And so on. Although these explanations explain the nature of the proverbs in different aspects, the ancients’ “proverbs” actually belong to the parallel structure with the “language” and are broadly-spoken proverbs. That is, the proverb contains all the non-verbal utterances. Guo Shaoyu pointed out in his article “The Study of Proverbs” in 1921: "Proverbs are the result of human experience, and beautiful words can be used in daily conversation as performers,