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离子推进器系统由离子推进器、电源处理机、推进剂贮箱和输送系统三部分组成。离子推进器要完成使推进剂电离、加速电离后的离子流、中和高速喷出的离子束流的工作。它由放电室、加速室(离子引出系统)、中和器等组成。由于电离方法的不同,离子推进器分为接触式和电子轰击式。接触式离子推进器中推进剂一般为铯;轰击式离子推进器目前主要用汞,也有用铯和惰性气体作推进剂的。由于铯接触式离子推进器的空间飞行试验结果不理想,现在主要发展以汞为工质的电子轰击式离子推进器。其结构原理如图1所示。
Ion thruster system by the ion thruster, power processor, propellant tank and delivery system consists of three parts. The ion thruster needs to ionize the propellant, accelerate the ionized ion flow, and neutralize the high-velocity jet of ion beam. It consists of a discharge chamber, acceleration chamber (ion extraction system), neutralizer and so on. Due to the different ionization methods, ion thrusters are classified as contact and electron impact. Propellants in contact ion thrusters are typically cesium; bombardment ion thrusters are currently predominantly mercury and are also useful as propellants for cesium and inert gases. Due to the unsatisfactory results of the space flight test of the cesium contact ion thruster, the electron impact ion thrusters with mercury as the working substance are now mainly developed. The structure of the principle shown in Figure 1.