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表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)是HER家族中一类表皮生长因子酪氨酸激酶受体,其下游的信号通路调控着细胞的生长、增殖、分化、侵袭、迁移、血管形成等生物学行为。EGFR在上皮源性肿瘤中常有表达,在近几十年中,将EGFR作为抗肿瘤治疗的靶点,研制出一系列靶向治疗药物,主要有小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和单克隆抗体这两大类。然而,在结直肠癌中EGFR单克隆抗体靶向治疗的有效率却不高,原发和继发性耐药成为阻碍靶向药物应用的关键因素。由此推动了关于靶向药物各种耐药机制的研究,现就近两年来EGFR单克隆抗体耐药机制研究的新进展作一综述。
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a type of epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor in the HER family. Its downstream signaling pathway regulates biological behaviors such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis. EGFR is frequently expressed in epithelial tumors. In recent decades, EGFR has been used as a target of anti-tumor therapy to develop a series of targeted therapies, including small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies These two categories. However, targeted therapy with EGFR monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancers is inefficient, and primary and secondary drug resistance are the key factors that hinder the use of targeted drugs. Therefore, the research on various drug resistance mechanisms of targeted drugs has been promoted. The recent progress in the study of the mechanism of multi-drug resistance of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in recent two years is reviewed.