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37.领导体制演变 现代领导体制是随着经济发展逐步形成及完善的。基本模式演变可分为四个阶段:1.家长式主管,即作坊主领导,适于小生产管理方式;2.经理制兴起,所有权与经营权分离,董事会聘任经理领导,适用于工业生产管理方式;3.软专家领导,由硬专家变为软专家领导,出现了辅助经理决策的智囊机构;4.软专家集团系统领导,形成不仅有智囊机构、监督机构,而且有信息反馈机构的封闭系统模式,其演变思路主要体现在: 1.所有者与经营者分离 2.硬专家由软专家代替 3.领导者靠智囊团辅佐 4.直线制转系统论控制。38.领导体系设计 现代领导体系应包括智囊机构、决策中心、监督机构、执行机构、信息机构等。其相应关系可作如下示意:
37. Evolution of the leadership system The modern leadership system is gradually formed and improved with the economic development. The evolution of the basic model can be divided into four stages: 1. The paternalistic manager, ie the leader of the workshop owner, is suitable for small-scale production management; 2. The rise of the managerial system, separation of ownership and management rights, and the appointment of the manager of the board of directors for industrial production management Method; 3. Soft expert leadership, from hard experts to soft expert leaders, emerged as a think-tank to assist decision-makers; 4. Leaders of soft expert group systems formed closed not only by think-tanks and supervisory agencies but also by information feedback agencies. The evolution of the system model is mainly reflected in: 1. Separation of owners and operators 2. Hard experts are replaced by soft experts 3. Leaders are assisted by think tanks 4. Linear system system control. 38. Leadership System Design Modern leadership systems should include think tanks, decision centers, supervisory agencies, executing agencies, and information agencies. The corresponding relationship can be illustrated as follows: