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从政策过程的角度来看,对于西方国家福利政策的失败有两种对立的批判逻辑:一是精英主义的逻辑,二是大众主义的逻辑。前者批判大众性的过度民主化导致过度福利化;后者认为精英制政阻碍集体理性的发挥,应纠正民主的非民众性以促成集体理性。推而论之,资本主义国家和民主的合法性限度决定其分配政策难有实质突破,社会主义国家分配政策的制定与执行应注意回避自由主义秩序,完善有利于政策协商的民主程序。中国的分配政策过程应坚持社会主义民主的逻辑,发挥社会主义核心价值的正向功能,警惕理性官僚和信息不对称处境中偏执公民的非理性影响。
From the perspective of policy process, there are two kinds of contradictory critiques of the failure of Welfare Policy in Western countries: one is the logic of elitism and the other is the logic of massism. The former criticizes the over-democratization of the mass led to over-welfare; the latter that the elite system hindered the development of collective rationality, should be to correct the democratization of democracy to promote collective rationality. In short, the limits of the legitimacy of the capitalist countries and their democracies determine that there is no real breakthrough in their policy of distribution. The formulation and implementation of the socialist country’s distribution policy should pay attention to avoiding the liberal order and perfecting the democratic process conducive to policy consultation. China’s distribution policy process should adhere to the logic of socialist democracy, give full play to the positive function of the core values of socialism, and be wary of the irrational influence of rational bureaucrats and paranoid citizens in information asymmetry.