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目的探讨妊娠期营养指导对巨大儿、母亲与胎儿并发症及剖宫产率的影响。方法选择2010年7月—2012年7月建立孕产妇保健卡的待产妇5 546例作为观察组,进行妊娠期营养指导、干预和随访;另选同期住院的妊娠期只进行常规产检未经过营养干预的待产妇2 848例作为对照组。比较两组巨大儿、母胎并发症及剖宫产率。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组分娩巨大儿333例,占6.0%;对照组分娩巨大儿341例,占12.0%。两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.412,P<0.05)。观察组巨大儿阴道分娩率显著高于对照组(χ2=9.957,P<0.05),剖宫产率显著低于对照组(χ2=10.417,P<0.05)。母亲与胎儿并发症的发生,降低剖宫产率,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论妊娠期营养指导可显著降低剖宫产率。
Objective To investigate the effects of nutritional guidance during pregnancy on the morbidity of maternal and fetal complications and cesarean section. METHODS: From July 2010 to July 2012, 5 546 expectant mothers with maternal health card were selected as the observation group for nutritional guidance, intervention and follow-up during pregnancy. The same period of hospitalization was routinely selected for quarantine without nutrition Interventions of 2848 pregnant women as a control group. Comparison of two groups of giant children, maternal fetal complications and cesarean section rate. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The observation group delivered gigantic children in 333 cases, accounting for 6.0%. The control group delivered gigantic children in 341 cases, accounting for 12.0%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 10.412, P <0.05). The vaginal delivery rate of macrosomia in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (χ2 = 9.957, P <0.05), and the rate of cesarean section was significantly lower than that of control group (χ2 = 10.417, P <0.05). Maternal and fetal complications occurred, reducing the rate of cesarean section, the difference between the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Nutritional guidance during pregnancy can significantly reduce the rate of cesarean section.