目的分析甲状腺癌误诊为甲状腺腺瘤的原因并提出预防措施。方法回顾性分析咸宁市中心医院2004-12-2009-12甲状腺癌误诊为甲状腺腺瘤11例的临床资料。结果 134例甲状腺癌患者中,11例误诊为甲状腺腺瘤,均于短期内再次手术,术后全部痊愈出院。结论提高对甲状腺疾病的认识,完善术前检查,术中作快速冰冻切片检查是减少甲状腺癌误诊的关键。 Objective To analyze the cause of misdiagnosis of thyroid adenoma as thyroid adenoma and propose preventive measures. Methods The clinical data of 11 cases of thyroid adenoma misdiagnosed as thyroid adenoma from December 2004 to December 2009 in Xianning Central Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 134 cases of thyroid cancer, 11 cases were misdiagnosed as thyroid adenoma. All cases were reoperated in a short period of time and all were discharged after operation. Conclusions It is the key to reduce the misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer by improving understanding of thyroid disease, perfecting preoperative examination and intraoperative rapid frozen biopsy.