波带片的低衍射效率限制其在可见光波段的使用，可是在Ｘ射线波段，波带片是唯一达到衍射极限的光学元件，因而引起人们的极大兴趣。本文介绍了当前国际上Ｘ射线波带片的主要制作方法及其应用，同时回顾了用于Ｘ射线聚焦、成像的光学元件——Ｘ射线菲涅耳波带片及近几年才出现的布拉格－菲涅耳波带片的历史背景、基本概念和主要类型。 The low diffraction efficiency of the zone plate limits its use in the visible region, but in the X-ray region, the zone plate is the only optical element that reaches the diffraction limit and is therefore of great interest. This paper introduces the main methods and applications of the X-ray zone plate in the world at present, and reviews the X-ray Fresnel zone plates and the optical elements used for X-ray focusing and imaging - Fresnel zone with the historical background, the basic concepts and the main types.