一、专业解析什么是数学?19世纪恩格斯给数学下了这样的定义:“数学是关于空间形式和数量关系的科学。”恩格斯关于数学的定义是经典的,概括了当时数学的发展,即使目前来看也概括了数学的绝大部分。但是在19世纪末,数理逻辑诞生了。在数理逻辑中既没有数也没有形,很难归入恩格斯的定义。于是人们又考虑数学的新定义:数学是关于模式和秩序的科学。我们生活在一个由诸多模式组成的世界中:春有花开,夏有惊雷,秋收冬藏, In the 19th century, Engels made the following definition of mathematics: “Mathematics is a science about the relationship between spatial form and quantity.” Engels’s definition of mathematics is a classic, summarizing the development of mathematics at that time, Even now, it summarizes the vast majority of mathematics. But at the end of the nineteenth century, mathematical logic was born. In mathematical logic there is neither number nor shape, it is difficult to fall into the definition of Engels. People then consider the new definition of mathematics: Mathematics is the science of patterns and orders. We live in a world made up of many models: spring flowers, summer thunder, autumn harvest winter,