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大家好!我是动词不定式,初次相识,我想作个自我介绍,好让你们更快更好地了解我,从而使我早日成为你们的好朋友。
认识我就从记住我的“长相”开始吧:我是由“to 动词原形”组成的,to是我的标志,虽然to无实义,但它却是我的“铁杆”,一般情况下,我和它形影不离。我出入于句首、句中、句末,充当句子的各种成份(谓语除外),从而使句子变得更加丰富多彩。
我的“基本个性”:我“为人随和”,没有人称和数的变化,例如to live。否定形式在to前加not,例如not to spit in public places。我具有动词的特点,可以有自己的状语,如是及物动词还可带宾语,一起构成“不定式短语”,例如to study English well。
我的“真实本领”:我虽不能作谓语,但具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作“主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语”,本领可大了!今天在此向同学们露几招,展示一下我的风采,你们可要认真学习啰!
一、作宾语:我天生讨“人”喜爱,下列及物动词都抢着让我“作宾语”,如want, decide, refuse, afford, hope, wish, expect, plan, remember, forget, would like等等。例如:
1) We have planned to travel to Hainan next week.
2) He never refuses to help others.
特别点击:在复合宾语结构中常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语则由我来担任,例如:I find it interesting to play chess.
二、作宾语补足语:我“助人为乐”,常来补充说明宾语“大有作为”,但“to”不能“随心所欲”。
1. 当谓语动词是ask, tell, want, teach, show, invite, encourage, allow时,to请“上座”,例如:
1) Lin Tao invited Jim to have dinner on Mid-Autumn Day.
2) My teacher always encourages me to work hard.
2. 当谓语动词是一“感”(feel)二“听”(hear, listen to)三“使”(make, have, let)和四“看”(see, watch, notice, look at)时,to会“让座”(省略to),但变成被动语态后,to不能省略,例如:
We often hear her sing in English. → She is often heard to sing in English by us.
三、作状语:我“服务热情”,常在come, laugh, cry, go, run, stop等不及物动词后作状语,说明的内容“各有千秋”。
1. 说明动作的“目的”。例如:
When I saw the wallet on the ground, I stopped to pick it up.
2. 说明动作的“原因”。例如:
We sang and danced to hear the good news.
3. 说明动作的“结果”。例如:
He worked hard to catch up with the others in his class.
特别提醒:
1. 下列句型中我“作状语”,须牢记在心头:
1) too adj./adv. to do sth.和adj./adv. enough to do sth.中我作结果状语。如:
The boy is too young to go to school.
2) be adj. to do sth.中我作原因状语。如:
I’m sorry to hear that you haven’t passed the exam.
2. 我有时修饰整个句子。例如:
He started the Cousteau Society to help protect life in the sea.
四、作定语:我“要求严格”,常来修饰名词或代词作定语并“后置”。例如:
1) I have lots of work to do.
2) I would like something to eat.
在逻辑上,我和被修饰的词是动宾关系,如果是不及物动词,则请“介词先生”助一臂之力。试比较:
1) I have a letter to write. (vt.)
2) I have no pen to write with. (vi.)
五、与疑问词连用:作tell, know, show, teach, decide, learn等及物动词的宾语,可改成由这些疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如:
Mr. Zhou showed us how to play the computer.
→Mr. Zhou showed us how we could play the computer.
认识我就从记住我的“长相”开始吧:我是由“to 动词原形”组成的,to是我的标志,虽然to无实义,但它却是我的“铁杆”,一般情况下,我和它形影不离。我出入于句首、句中、句末,充当句子的各种成份(谓语除外),从而使句子变得更加丰富多彩。
我的“基本个性”:我“为人随和”,没有人称和数的变化,例如to live。否定形式在to前加not,例如not to spit in public places。我具有动词的特点,可以有自己的状语,如是及物动词还可带宾语,一起构成“不定式短语”,例如to study English well。
我的“真实本领”:我虽不能作谓语,但具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作“主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语”,本领可大了!今天在此向同学们露几招,展示一下我的风采,你们可要认真学习啰!
一、作宾语:我天生讨“人”喜爱,下列及物动词都抢着让我“作宾语”,如want, decide, refuse, afford, hope, wish, expect, plan, remember, forget, would like等等。例如:
1) We have planned to travel to Hainan next week.
2) He never refuses to help others.
特别点击:在复合宾语结构中常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语则由我来担任,例如:I find it interesting to play chess.
二、作宾语补足语:我“助人为乐”,常来补充说明宾语“大有作为”,但“to”不能“随心所欲”。
1. 当谓语动词是ask, tell, want, teach, show, invite, encourage, allow时,to请“上座”,例如:
1) Lin Tao invited Jim to have dinner on Mid-Autumn Day.
2) My teacher always encourages me to work hard.
2. 当谓语动词是一“感”(feel)二“听”(hear, listen to)三“使”(make, have, let)和四“看”(see, watch, notice, look at)时,to会“让座”(省略to),但变成被动语态后,to不能省略,例如:
We often hear her sing in English. → She is often heard to sing in English by us.
三、作状语:我“服务热情”,常在come, laugh, cry, go, run, stop等不及物动词后作状语,说明的内容“各有千秋”。
1. 说明动作的“目的”。例如:
When I saw the wallet on the ground, I stopped to pick it up.
2. 说明动作的“原因”。例如:
We sang and danced to hear the good news.
3. 说明动作的“结果”。例如:
He worked hard to catch up with the others in his class.
特别提醒:
1. 下列句型中我“作状语”,须牢记在心头:
1) too adj./adv. to do sth.和adj./adv. enough to do sth.中我作结果状语。如:
The boy is too young to go to school.
2) be adj. to do sth.中我作原因状语。如:
I’m sorry to hear that you haven’t passed the exam.
2. 我有时修饰整个句子。例如:
He started the Cousteau Society to help protect life in the sea.
四、作定语:我“要求严格”,常来修饰名词或代词作定语并“后置”。例如:
1) I have lots of work to do.
2) I would like something to eat.
在逻辑上,我和被修饰的词是动宾关系,如果是不及物动词,则请“介词先生”助一臂之力。试比较:
1) I have a letter to write. (vt.)
2) I have no pen to write with. (vi.)
五、与疑问词连用:作tell, know, show, teach, decide, learn等及物动词的宾语,可改成由这些疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如:
Mr. Zhou showed us how to play the computer.
→Mr. Zhou showed us how we could play the computer.