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通过大田试验,研究了不同秸秆还田和耕作方式(免耕+秸秆还田、免耕、常耕+秸秆还田、常耕)对稻田不同层次土壤肥力和主要微生物类群数量的影响.结果表明:上层土壤中,免耕+秸秆还田处理的有机质含量分别比免耕、常耕+秸秆还田和常耕处理高5.33、2.79和5.37g·kg-1;全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量也均以免耕+秸秆还田处理最高,免耕和常耕+秸秆还田处理次之,常耕处理最低.下层土壤中,各肥力指标以常耕+秸秆还田处理较高.秸秆还田各处理微生物类群数量较高,上层土壤以免耕+秸秆还田处理的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量最高,成熟期其纤维分解强度分别比常耕+秸秆还田、免耕和常耕处理高26.44%、79.01%和98.15%;下层土壤以常耕+秸秆还田处理的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量最高.免耕+秸秆还田处理的土壤养分和微生物呈表层富集特征.细菌、放线菌和纤维分解强度与土壤肥力各指标呈显著或极显著正相关关系.
Through field experiments, the effects of different straw returning and tillage practices (no-tillage + straw returning, no-tillage, conventional tillage + straw returning, and continuous tillage) on the soil fertility and the main microbial populations at different rice levels were studied. The contents of organic matter in no-till + straw-returning treatment were 5.33, 2.79 and 5.37g · kg-1 higher than those in no-tillage, tillage and straw-returning, respectively. , And the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were also highest in no-till + straw-returning, followed by no-till and no-till and return to straw, Straw + straw returning to the field was higher.Among the straw returning to the field, there was a higher number of microbial groups, the highest number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the upper soil with no-till + straw returning treatment, the fiber decomposition intensity at maturity were higher than normal Tillage + straw return to the field, no-tillage and no-tillage treatment of high 26.44%, 79.01% and 98.15%; the lower soil to plow + straw return to the highest number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes tillage + Soil nutrients and microorganisms showed surface enrichment. Bacteria, actinomycetes Fertility fiber decomposition intensity of indexes were significantly or highly significant positive correlation.