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一引言构件在制造过程中出现局部不均匀范性形变,因其各部分弹性恢复不均匀而出现残余应力。构件中的残余应力对其使用的可靠性有直接影响。残余压应力对提高构件的服役寿命是有利的;残余张应力一般会降低材料的疲劳强度、引起材料脆断以及加速裂纹发展等。因此,对一个构件的残余应力状况的了解就成了设计、制造和使用者共同关心的问题之一,它也是失效分析工作者感兴趣的一个问题。残余应力的测量分破坏法和非破坏法两种。非破坏法是指不破坏构件而测其残余应力如X射线衍射法、磁法、超声法等;破坏法则是通过将构件局部破坏,使残余应力释放来进行测量,一般应用的是电阻法。
I. INTRODUCTION In the manufacturing process, the component appears local non-uniform normal deformation, and the residual stress appears due to the uneven elastic recovery of each part. Residual stresses in components have a direct impact on the reliability of their use. Residual compressive stress is beneficial to improve the service life of the component; residual tensile stress will generally reduce the fatigue strength of the material, causing brittle fracture and accelerated crack growth. Therefore, understanding the residual stress condition of a component becomes one of the common concerns of design, manufacture and users, and it is also an issue that the failure analysis workers are interested in. Residual stress measurement points broken method and non-destructive method two. Non-destructive method means to measure the residual stress such as X-ray diffraction method, magnetic method, ultrasonic method, etc. without destroying the components; the destructive method is to measure by releasing the residual stress by partially destroying the component, generally using the resistance method.