本文对现代中速、四冲程发动机活塞,特别是对活塞顶、活塞环槽、活塞销座孔以及活塞环组等主要件存在的裂纹、腐蚀和磨损等故障以及引起这些故障的机理进行了探讨,同时对上述各主要件分别从设计结构、材料选择和表面处理几个方面介绍了已经采用或正在开发的许多解决措施。 In this paper, the problems of the modern mid-speed and four-stroke engine pistons, especially the cracks, corrosion and wear of the main components such as the piston top, piston ring groove, piston pin hole and piston ring group, and the mechanism of these faults are discussed . At the same time, many solutions to the above-mentioned major components have been introduced or are being developed respectively from the aspects of design structure, material selection and surface treatment.