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目的:对比2～3岁孤独谱系障碍(ASD)与发育迟缓(DD)儿童尾状核体积的差异,并探讨尾状核体积与重复刻板行为严重程度的关系。方法:使用ITK-SNAP软件分别计算并比较66例ASD儿童(ASD组)和36例年龄、性别、智商与之相匹配的DD儿童(DD组)的尾状核体积,并与由孤独症诊断访谈量表-修订版(ADI-R)所得重复刻板行为分数进行相关分析。结果:ASD组尾状核左侧(P=0.005)、右侧(P<0.001)以及总体积(P=0.001)较DD组显著增大;尾状核左侧(r=0.359,P=0.004)、总体积(r=0.317,P=0.013)与ADI-R低水平重复刻板行为分呈显著正相关。结论:2～3岁的ASD儿童已表现出尾状核体积的异常增大,且与低水平的重复刻板行为有相关。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the volume of caudate nucleus in children with ASD and DD between 2 and 3 years old, and to explore the relationship between the size of caudate nucleus and the severity of repeated stereotypes. METHODS: The ITK-SNAP software was used to calculate and compare the caudate nucleus volume in 66 children with ASD (ASD group) and 36 children with DD (DD group) of age, sex and IQ, respectively. Interview Scale - Revised (ADI-R) repeated stereotyped behavior scores for correlation analysis. RESULTS: The left caudate nucleus (P = 0.005), right side (P <0.001) and total volume (P = 0.001) in ASD group were significantly larger than those in DD group ), Total volume (r = 0.317, P = 0.013) was positively correlated with ADI-R low level repeated stereotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Children aged 2 to 3 years have demonstrated an abnormal increase in caudate nucleus volume associated with low levels of repeated stereotypes.