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土之冻胀,是由于土温降至冰点以下,土体原孔隙中部分水结冰体积膨胀,以及更主要的是在土壤水势梯度作用下未冻区的水分向冻结前缘迁移、聚集,并冻结体积膨胀所致。在自然条件下,地基土及土工构筑物本身土质、水文及冻结条件的不均一性,造成建筑物的不均匀冻胀变形而不能正常运行、甚至破坏,或者即使在冻结时尚能运行,一俟融化便丧失承载能力而破坏。凡上述种种,通常称为冻胀破坏。简称冻害。综观寒区工程,可以断言:土之冻胀作用是季节冻土区各种工程产生冻害的主要原因,也是造成多年冻土区建筑物冻害的主要原因之一。
The frost heave of soil is due to the fact that the soil temperature falls below the freezing point, the volume of water in some of the original pores of the soil swells, and more importantly, the moisture in the unfrozen areas migrates to the freezing front under the action of the gradient of soil water potential. And freeze due to volume expansion. Under natural conditions, the inhomogeneities of soil, hydrology, and freezing conditions of foundation soil and geotechnical structures themselves cause uneven frost heave deformation of buildings and they cannot operate normally or even damage them, or they can melt even when they are frozen. Loss of carrying capacity and damage. All of the above are commonly called frost heaving damage. Referred to as freezing injury. Looking at the cold area project, it can be asserted that the frost heave effect of soil is the main reason for the freezing damage caused by various projects in the seasonal frozen soil area, and it is also one of the major causes of the freezing damage to buildings in permafrost regions.