结核性舌溃疡经长期抗炎治疗无效易误诊为舌癌,并往上级医院转诊,或进行了舌癌根治术和放疗,结果造成患者精神、肉体及经济上的损失。笔者曾碰到不少这类情况,为了避免类似误诊发生,本文提出两者鉴别诊断如下,供基层同道参考。舌癌和舌结核两者均可引起同侧甚至双侧颈淋巴结受累,两者临床及病理均有共同之处,但亦有 Tuberculous tongue ulcers are often misdiagnosed as tongue cancer after long-term anti-inflammatory treatment, and they are referred to upper hospitals or undergo tongue radical surgery and radiotherapy. As a result, patients suffer mental, physical, and economic losses. I have encountered many of these situations, in order to avoid similar misdiagnosis, this paper presents the two differential diagnosis as follows, for the same reference. Both tongue cancer and tongue tuberculosis can cause ipsilateral or even bilateral cervical lymph node involvement. Both the clinical and pathological conditions are common, but there are also