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(一)第二次世界大战以后,波兰在相当长一段时间内不引进西方资金,投入波兰的西方贷款或直接投资都微乎其微。长年传统的中央集权、封闭型经济,制约了西方资金进入波兰市场。当然主要还是波兰怕受制于西方。故到1970年其外债余额仅为10亿美元。进入70年代以后,当时的波兰领导人盖莱克执行了“高速发展经济”的政策,他制订了利用西方发达国家的多余资金和先进的技术来加速发展波兰经济的计划。当时的波兰政府企图靠贷款来进口先进的机器设备和工艺,以调整其国内不合理的经济结构,提高生产能力,进一步改善人民生活。同时,七十年代,特别是初期,国际形势也为波兰实施这一战略提供了可能。当时东西方关系有一定程度的缓和,东方国家都想利用西方来促
(A) After World War II, Poland did not introduce Western funds for a long period of time, and Western loans or direct investment in Poland were negligible. The long tradition of centralization and closed economy has restricted the entry of Western funds into the Polish market. Of course, mainly Poland is also subject to the West. As a result, its foreign debt balance was only 1 billion U.S. dollars in 1970. After entering the 1970s, the then Polish leader Gaillak implemented the policy of “developing the economy at a rapid pace.” He formulated a plan to accelerate the development of the Polish economy through the use of surplus funds and advanced technology from the developed western countries. At that time, the Polish government tried to rely on loans to import advanced machinery and equipment and processes in order to adjust its unreasonable domestic economic structure, increase its production capacity and further improve people’s livelihood. At the same time, the seventies, especially the early days, the international situation has also made it possible for Poland to implement this strategy. At that time, the relationship between East and West was mitigated to a certain degree. Eastern countries wanted to promote the use of the West