体外培养的肿瘤组织、肿瘤细胞是研究肿瘤必备工具之一 ,在肿瘤发生、发展、侵袭、转移机制和早期诊断、治疗评价等许多领域的研究中起着无可替代的作用。现阶段对人类胆道癌的临床研究已积累了一定经验 ,但对其生物学特征了解不深入 ,还缺乏早期诊断和有效的治疗手段 ,这其中 Tumor tissue and tumor cells cultured in vitro are one of the necessary tools for tumor research and play an irreplaceable role in the research of tumor occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, early diagnosis, and therapeutic evaluation. At present, clinical studies on human biliary tract cancer have accumulated some experience, but their biological characteristics are not well understood, and there is still a lack of early diagnosis and effective treatment methods.