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目的探讨2011-2015年东西湖区5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因及其发展变化趋势。方法收集2011-2015年东西湖区5岁以下儿童的死亡报告资料,进行死亡率、死因构成等因素的统计分析。结果 2011-2015年全区新生儿、婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为5.73‰、8.08‰及9.11‰,且均呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.001);新生儿是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要人群,占62.90%;起源于围生期的某些情况以及先天畸形是造成5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,其中新生儿、婴儿及1~4岁儿童的首位死因分别为早产儿和未成熟儿、其他先天畸形和肿瘤、意外死亡。结论降低新生儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键,应提高远城区的卫生资源配置,加强围生期保健管理,减少出生缺陷和并发症,并普及意外伤害防范与初级救护知识。
Objective To explore the main causes of death of children under 5 years of age in the East Lake District from 2011 to 2015 and their trends of development. Methods The data of deaths of children under 5 years of age in East Lake District from 2011 to 2015 were collected to carry out statistical analysis on the factors such as the death rate and the cause of death. Results The mortality rates of newborns, infants and children under 5 were 5.73 ‰, 8.08 ‰ and 9.11 ‰ in 2011-2015, respectively, and showed a declining trend year by year (P <0.001). Neonates were the deaths of children under 5 years of age The main population, accounting for 62.90%; some origins in the perinatal period and congenital malformations are the main cause of death of children under 5 years of age, of which newborns, infants and children aged 1 to 4 were the first cause of death were premature children and not Mature children, other congenital malformations and tumors, died unexpectedly. Conclusions Decreasing the neonatal mortality rate is the key to reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. It is necessary to improve the allocation of health resources in far urban areas, strengthen perinatal health care management, reduce birth defects and complications, and popularize the knowledge of accidental injury prevention and first aid.