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采用包括遗传主效应和基因型与环境互作效应的数量性状发育遗传模型和统计分析方法 ,分析了籼稻(OryzasativaL .)稻米 4个发育时期糙米重的两年资料。结果表明 ,除了三倍体胚乳和二倍体母体植株基因的加性和显性主效应以及细胞质主效应可以控制不同稻米发育时期的糙米重量外 ,基因型与环境互作效应也可明显影响不同发育时期糙米重量。基因加性主效应和加性×环境互作效应在整个稻米灌浆过程中起着主要作用 ,对糙米重的选择可以取得良好的改良效果。条件方差分量分析结果表明 ,胚乳和母体植株中控制糙米重表现的基因在多数稻米发育时期均有新的表达 ,且以稻米发育早期为主 ,开花后第 1～ 7天是控制糙米重的基因表达最为活跃的时期 ,其次为开花后第 8～ 14天。一些基因只在个别发育时期间断表达 ,这在净细胞质主效应和净细胞质×环境互作效应以及净显性主效应上表现得尤为明显。稻米不同发育时期的遗传效应预测值表明 ,V2 0和作 5等亲本可以明显提高后代的糙米重量。
Two-year data on brown rice weight of four indica rice (Oryzasativa L.) cultivars during its developmental period were analyzed by quantitative trait genetic model including genetic main effect and genotype-environment interaction. The results showed that in addition to the additive and dominant main effects of the genes of triploid endosperm and diploid maternal plants and the main effect of cytoplasm can control the weight of brown rice in different rice developmental stages, genotype and environment interaction effects can also have significant effects Brown rice weight during development. The major additive effect of gene and additive × environment interaction play an important role in the whole grain filling process, and the selection of brown rice weight can achieve good improvement effect. The results of conditional variance analysis showed that the genes controlling the re-expression of brown rice in endosperm and maternal plants were all newly expressed in most rice developmental stages, and were mainly in the early stage of rice development. The genes controlling the brown rice weight were the first to seventh day after flowering The most active expression period, followed by 8 to 14 days after flowering. Some genes are only expressed intermittently at individual developmental stages, which is particularly evident in the net cytoplasmic and net cytoplasmic × environmental interactions and the dominant net effect. The predictive value of genetic effects at different developmental stages of rice showed that V2 0 and P5 could significantly increase the weight of brown rice of offspring.