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影响血压的主要膳食因素,一致公认的有盐、酒精和体重。其它高血压非药物治疗的途径还包括增加钾的摄入量、增加需氧能量以及戒烟。这3种途径可以作为低危个人(即无糖尿病或心血管病、收缩压<160mmHg、舒张压<100mmHg)第一步治疗的全部要求;也可作为高危个人联合治疗方案的一部分。据推测,其它影响血压的膳食因素尚有镁、钙、纤维、脂肪、蛋白质和某些碳水化合物,然而研究结果迄今尚不一致,有待澄清。
The main dietary factors that affect blood pressure are unanimously recognized as salts, alcohol and body weight. Other hypertensive nonpharmacological approaches include increasing potassium intake, increasing aerobic energy, and quitting smoking. All three of these pathways can be used as first-line treatment for individuals at risk (ie, without diabetes or cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure <160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <100 mmHg) and as part of a high-risk, personal combination regimen. Presumably, other dietary factors that affect blood pressure include magnesium, calcium, fiber, fat, protein, and certain carbohydrates. However, the results so far are still inconsistent and need to be clarified.