宏观粒子在晶格排布上具有尺寸、刚度和空间分布选择等自由度,使得颗粒晶体成为减震材料、聚声装置、音响开关及其他新奇装置的理想组建单元。材料创新和新工艺的出现是紧密联系的。金属打造能力使人类有了犁和剑;半导体的发展导致了晶体管的发明;再近的,像增强塑料、聚合物和金属泡沫等复合材料的合成使得更轻、更节能的汽车和 Macroscopic particles have the freedom of choice of size, stiffness and spatial distribution in the crystal lattice arrangement, making the crystal particles the ideal building block for shock absorbing materials, polyacoustic devices, audio switches and other novel devices. Material innovation and the emergence of new technology is closely linked. The ability to build metals has given humans plows and swords; the development of semiconductors has led to the invention of transistors; and more recently, the synthesis of composites like reinforced plastics, polymers and metal foams has made lighter and more energy-efficient vehicles and